Business Innovation in Digital Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Innovation in Digital Economies - Essay ExampleThis composing mainly focuses on Apple Inc. The Apple Inc. company took the market by a storm and seems to be enjoying a cutting edge of the competitive market in digital do and product market.Reliance on goods in order to understand the providence seems to be getting harder as the industrial economy ceases. Researchers noted that religious service provisions implemented the distribution mechanisms obtained from goods. They also noted that service creates a basis for the proliferation of economic transactions. This paper defines economic service slackly as the utilization of unique experience and skills in the business practices, processes and outputs in order to create value for the customers (Eaton 2011, pg59).The dominance of information technology highly contributes towards the effect of the service-dominant rationality. As Vargo and Lusch (2004, pg51) discuss, primacy of service and its recognition as the fundamenta l factors for economic can be attributed to two reasons. These primary reasons include the ability to separate information and service from tangible goods and the increasing specialization in business. These two reasons dwell on the creation of information technology which speeds up specialization in creation of knowledge which consequently led to the reduction of harmonization and communication costs. In addition, the digitization of informational products and the integration of software capabilities into goods created the term digital introduction. This innovation contributes to the slackening of solid goods with service since its inception.Digital networks characterize the best dynamic and exhilarating field of inventions in our modern economy. Companies like Google, Apple, Nokia-Microsoft and HP/Palm are all chasing numerous procedures of innovation approaches in imperative to the worth of their products. These companies frequently undertake these operations by fetching externa l developers as well as maximizing the technologys reproductive

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations EssayQS. Look carefully at the opening chapters of great expectations and explore some of the ways in which daemon captures and keeps the interest and attention of the reader. Explore also how social conditions of the time inform his writing. When deuce writes he roles three methods to interest his readers, the presentation of character, creation of atmosphere and his intention of narrative, description and speech. To begin with we will look at dickens presentation of character.When my English class introductory began reading great expectations I noticed that two did not describe a character physically or through their thoughts, instead he describes them with two details, their surroundings and their past. For vitrine we are never told that dart is blonde or his advance and so forth instead we are altogether told that he has a married older sister who cares for him and that they live quite simply for example we find that for dinner they would have s omething like buttered bread which suggests that they have poor nutrition.We are also told about the fact that when Pip was younger his parents died along with five-spot of his siblings, which suggests that he comes from a family that were and still are struggling and this suggests that they are living in the popular social conditions of the time which were harsh cold, poor hygiene, no live water or heat, high infant mortality rate etc and this is also suggested at the bottom of page two when Pip says I was undersized for my age and not strong, the house they live in is also described as being in the marsh country this method of daemon I arrange to be quite striking as I have not before read a book that does the same, however I think it is really effective because it al natural depressions the reader to paint their own picture of the characters and give them a greater insight into the characters and helps them to understand the characters actions, thoughts and words.This also a llows the reader to become more mixed in the novel and therefore the readers interest is already being drawn in.These social conditions, so far mentioned inform the novel a great messiness as it is the story-line of this young boy from a poor background, and because he has been raised by hand that this child is so meek and innocent, and because of this innocence, and by chance, he is granted the opportunity to become someone, quite literally, a man of great expectations In the first two chapters it is also noticeable that Dickens starts to give particular traits to severally character to make them individual, such(prenominal) as Mrs Joe Gargery Was the evil step-mother while her husband Mr Joe Gargery was the quiet and almost wimpy yet kind man. Dickens narrative technique is also really powerful.Unlike most novels the action starts almost straight away. By page two we are shocked by the very choppy arrival of Magwitch with the shocking and almost frightening line Hold your n oise We are suddenly completely sucked in to the story when we find very readily that Pip, the young boy we have become fond of is in danger and that Magwitch has only just escaped from a prison ship and is in frightening need of food, drink and possibly a file, if he will be able to make a full escape. This makes the first chapter become very exciting. in like manner it seems quite realistic because Magwitchs language is very powerful because it is so graphic, blunt and colloquial. Also Magwitch not only speaks in the way you would expect a bunko game to speak but he dresses how you would expect as well.Dickens uses many subordinate clauses and he also uses the word and a lot yet he uses it with style and it makes his writing seem much more rhythmic, for example in the third paragraph in the first chapter when Pip is telling us of his first memory, he says My first most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things and that the downhearted bundle of shivers growing afrai d of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip Dickens mainly keeps our attention by using drama such as when Magwitch enters on page two.Another way in which Dickens sustains the readers attention is his use of language in the way he writes. For example the type of words he uses to describe the new characters intrigues the readers so that they want to know more such as when Mr Joe Gargery is being introduced, In the middle of page six, Pip describes him as being a sort of Hercules in strength, and also in weakness. This seems to be very confusing and makes the reader want to continue in the story in order to figure out its meaning. Finally the most effective way which Dickens uses to with-hold the readers attention is through the creation of atmosphere. By using words such as raw, bleak, marsh and phrases like overgrown with nettles, dark flat wilderness etc.the writer makes the scene seem gloomy, drag and sad, and with the opening setting not only being in a churchyard, but a graveya rd, we are subconsciously being prepared for Magwitchs arrival. Pip describes the river as a low leaden line This is a perfect example of Dickens art of alliteration. The word low is also representing the low spirit of Pip, The word Leaden makes us think of something that is heavy, grey and dull, and the word line sounds very bland and boring. Also the way in which Dickens uses personification for example in calling the wind a savage beast, these words make us think of Pip a small helpless child who is out alone in what seems like an extremely solitude and scary place.We then fear for this young child and want to learn what happens to him so once again the reader finds that they wish to continue in the book, and for the rest of the novel the drama and language that Charles Dickens uses makes us keep absent to read on continues Therefore it is through using the techniques previously mentioned, of character presentation, creation of atmosphere and narrative, description and speech th at Dickens gains and sustains his readers attention. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example for Free

girlish Good human Brown EssayThe hoi polloi living in the fall in States of America are any(prenominal) of the most liberated people in the world. The majority of the people living in this country are well aware(predicate) of their phantasmal extradom and human rights. It is therefore hard to imagine that more than 300 years ago, there was a group of people living in Massachusetts who could not tolerate others especially those whose views are not in conformity to their own. The Puritans were both celebrated and reviled in hi fabrication. But for Nathaniel Hawthorne the way they persecuted non-conformists made him despise them.The solo problem is that he is related to some of the most notorious figures of that era. He wrote a signifi mountaint number of works to help him deal with his contact to this men and the youthfulness Goodman Brown is one best example of how he attempt to exorcise the demons of the past. The Author Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804. He was born in a place utilize to be called capital of Oregon, Massachusetts. His hometown was later renamed to Danvers, Massachusetts and probably for serious reason. In 1692 there was a veridical witch hunt in this town.Suspected witches were hanged and burned. His ancestors were leading men of capital of Oregon. One of them was William Hathorne who settled in the colony in the early part of the 17th century and then went on to twist one of Salems spectral builders and made a significant contri thation in creating a theocratic society (Meltzer, 10). William Hathorne held many offices including magistrate and as a military leader who forced the Indians discover of their homeland. Later on Nathaniel Hawthorne exit use some of his exploits and misdeeds as the background for his stories.In order to have some perspective, in the year that Nathaniel Hawthorne was born, it was as well as the same year that Thomas Jefferson was reelected president of the United States and about t he same time when Lewis and Clark set out on an jaunt to explore the West (Meltzer, 15). It means that when Hawthorne wrote untried Goodman Brown America was simmer dispirited a relatively young country and thus the lessons of the past are still fresh in the memories of many most especially those who came from the primary settlements such as in Massachusetts.For Nathaniel Hawthorne his darkest secret lies in the fact that his ancestors earned the reputation of chasing down the wicked like a bloodhound (Meltzer, 12). The following best describes the situation in the Salem witch auditions While the witch-hunt craze lasted, men and women, young and old, were jailed, their spot confiscated and they were forced to invent testimony against innocent others. The courts central aim was to get a confession out of the accused.About fifty people gave in to the intense pressure and some were executed (Meltzer, 11). It will hold out apparent later on that Nathaniel Hawthorne made a realiza tion that he could do some social occasion about the dishonorcapable actions of his ancestors by becoming a writer. But as mentioned earlier American in the mid-19th century was not exactly a super industrialized nation. This is bad news for an aspiring writer like Hawthorne because this means that it is extremely difficult to earn a decent living writing compact stories and novels.He had a rough start as a writer. But then he found his niche, he found his own unique behavior and the rest is hi narration. The Story The young Goodman Brown is one of the more important works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and it is about the religious experience of a young man named Young Goodman Brown. The main(prenominal) character was married to a young woman named Faith and one day decided to take on a strange move around deep into the woods right after sunset. It is a curious time to start traveling to another town or to any particular location.It turns out that Young Goodman Brown was invited to at tend a clandestine meeting in the darkest part of the woods. The story took a sudden turn when the highly religious Young Goodman Brown was discovered to be meeting with the devil incarnate (McCabe, par. 1). Hawthorne made a cryptic introduction of the devil when he wrote the following But the however thing about him that could be fixed upon as remarkable was his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake. So curiously wrought, that it might some be seen to twist and wiggle itself, like a living serpent.This, of course, must have been an ocular deception, assisted by the uncertain light. Hawthorne did not elaborate wherefore the pious young man consented to a meeting with the devil. This difficulty is exacerbated by the declaration of Young Goodman Brown who said We are a people of prayer, and good works, to boot, and abide no such wickedness. The abovementioned excerpt may help answer that question Young Goodman Brown was deceived and did not realize at first that he was talking to Satan. But that is not the most interesting part of the story.The tale became more complicated when Young Goodman Brown saw the most highly regard people in Salem village taking part in the said devious meeting. The young man could not believe his eyes when he saw Goody Cloyse, Deacon Gookin, and the old minister of Salem. The confusion was made more intense by the presence of know sinners including the hated sorcerers from the heathen tribes. The religious people of his village spoke against their kind and yet all are gathered under the trees, seeming to enjoy each others company.It was also revealed to Young Goodman Brown that the prim and proper ladies in Salem village are guilty of either murder or unbridled lust. He was shock to find out about the hypocrisy and the deception. But his life was about to be destroyed by what he saw next. In the beginning of the story Hawthorne made it clear that aside from religion Young Goodman Browns purpose in life is to love a nd cherish his wife, Faith. He was not only madly in love with his young and beautiful wife but he considered her as his anchor and helps him keep focus.At the climax of the story however, Young Goodman Brown saw his wife in the meeting and willingly participated in the demonic rituals. Needless to say, the young man was crushed and he would never recover. He went on to live for a long time. At his funeral he was survived by an older looking Faith, by his children and grandchildren. But he died a broken man full of gloom that his family never bothered to inscribe anything in his tombstone. It seems that it is best for him to die rather than live. The Context As they say it is all about context.The story can be interpreted different ways but the correct interpretation will have to have an understanding of the context. One critic provided the initial foray into the study of context when he wrote, Despite Hawthornes reputation as a romancer who preferred to create a neutral territory, somewhere amid the real world and fairy-land he paid careful attention to historical settings for most of his literary works (Person, 16). Hawthorne based his story on historical facts but most importantly he based it on the actions of his ancestors.A deeper examination of his lineage will reveal that, Puritanism and the history of early Massachusetts settlements Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Salem form one important context in which to understand Hawthornes writing (Person, 16). It must be noted that Nathaniel Hawthornes great-great-great grandfather was William Hathorne. William Hawthorne was well known for ordering one Quaker woman Ann Coleman to be whipped while walking the streets of Salem. John Hathorne the son of William Hathorne was also made notorious by presiding in the equally infamous Salem witch trials in 1692.One should also note that the letter w is missing from the last names of the aforementioned ancestors. This could mean that the compose was less than t hrilled to be associated with these men. In fact, Hawthorne referred to each of these ancestors as a bitter persecutor who possessed all the Puritanic traits both good and evil. Hawthorne entangle haunted by these ancestors and took shame upon himself (Person, 17). It can be said that Nathaniel Hawthorne had to rectify what was done in the past through his stories and novels.The link to the Salem witch trials and the plan of Young Goodman Brown can be seen in how Hawthorne used details from the trial and incorporated it into the story. The most important aspect of the Salem witch trial that Hawthorn used was encapsulated in a purpose called specter evidence (Person, 18). This is the belief that people could give Satan permission to mimic them in a supernatural way and then using that likeness, the devil could then move freely within the community to tempt others. In Young Goodman Brown the concept of spectral evidence was used to the hilt.Critics assert that the people that Young Goodman Brown encountered are the specters of everyone he knew (Person, 18). Unfortunately, the young man believed the specter to be the real thing and as a result his life was turned upside down. The sense of gloom felt by Young Goodman Brown is but a verbal expression of what Hawthorne felt because what his ancestors did he could not forget, It was a family bloodstain Nathaniel Hawthorne could never rid himself, of even after more than a hundred years had passed since those ancestors died (Meltzer, 14). But he tried his best. The Intentions of the AuthorBased on the preceding discussion and based on a careful analysis of Young Goodman Brown it would appear that Hawthorne had at least(prenominal) three intentions when he began to write this piece of literature and these are listed as follows 1. Hawthorne wanted to show that it is counterproductive to have legalistic communities 2. Hawthorne wanted to show that religious superstition accomplishes nothing of long lasting signific ance 3. Hawthorne wanted to show that some of the religious people in the past are guilty of hypocrisy and if rectitude be told they deserved to be hanged and burned just like the suspected witches in the Salem witch trials and finally4. Hawthorne tried to demonstrate that suspicion can lead to distrust and paranoia. Nathaniel Hawthorne was able to accomplish all of the above by creating a great work of fiction. In this work of fiction he used the aforementioned concept called spectral evidence to make Young Goodman Brown believed that the people he saw were indeed acting on their own free will. It was an improbable story but worked well to develop the ideas of Hawthorne.It was the contrasting subplots the first one shows a group of pious people living in Salem village, the second one shows the same group of people living a double life by being true worshippers of the devil. In Hawthornes storyline he was able to criticize and make fun of the religious order of yesteryears. He als o made no qualms in exposing the excesses of the Puritans. He was also able to show that if people isolate themselves by persecuting others especially the nonconformists and driving them out of the community then they will lack the necessary feedback mechanism that will posit them they are living in excess.The tragedy of Young Goodman Brown is the lack of communication and the inability to reach out to others as shown by the behavior of the main character. Conclusion In Young Goodman Brown the story can only be understood by examining the historical background of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthornes ancestors participated in the trigger-happy persecution of those who failed to conform to the standards set forth by the Puritans. This means that those who disagree can leave anytime but for those who wanted to stay, they must learn to live by the rules. Those who will not conform will have to suffer by flogging, hanging, and burning.For Nathaniel Hawthorne building a highly legalistic s ociety can backfire and instead of creating a symphonic community the byproduct is hypocrisy and secret sins. But most importantly if people isolate themselves then they are impeding progress in their spiritual journey. By erecting a facade of religiosity or by not opening up and reaching out to others, people will become paranoid and die with an unresolved inner turmoil. In the case of Young Goodman Brown he made a mistake of judging the specters as real and so he decided not to be in communion with his own people.There could also be another interpretation, that what he encountered were not specters and that what in truth happened is that he fell asleep and dreamt that he was in a demonic meeting attended by religious leaders and his wife. Irregardless of which one is truth, Young Goodman Brown could have fixed everything if only he reached out to his wife, to his pastor, to the elders of the church and initiated dialogue. But unfortunately Young Goodman Brown took the easy path and it is to build a high wall made out of pride and the erroneous thinking that he alone knew the truth.Works Cited Alkana, Joseph. The Social Self Hawthorne, Howells, William James, and Nineteenth-Century Psychology. KY The University Press of Kentucky, 1997. Demas, Corrine. Great American Short Stories. New York Barnes Noble, Inc. , 2004. McCabe, Michael. Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown. 27 July 1998 Florida Gulf Coast University. 26 October 2008 http//itech. fgcu. edu/faculty/wohlpart/alra/Hawthorne. htm. Meltzer, Milton. Nathaniel Hawthorne A Biography. MN Twenty-First Century Books, 2007.

Power subsystem Microsatellite

Power sub transcription Micro orbiterThis subsystem is responsible for supplying motive to the entire air, converting solar cell energy to on-board battery energy, and distributing office to various other subsystems.The power subsystem of the micro transmit is designed for a remote sensing military com armorial bearing to carry out on solarise-synchronous orbits at 700 km altitude at an inclination of 98.19 degrees. The payload of the microsatellite includes a multispectral remote sensing camera which takes picture of polar region in a visible spectrum and a surrey GPS receiver especi everyy designed for low ball orbit. Microsatellite payload weighs 5 kg and with a mean power consumption of 9W. Sub-system power budget is estimated according to the payload power requirement with 15 percent margin. Total estimated power requirement for the microsatellite is 70W.Microsatellite subsystem Power Allocation - End Of Life Estimated Microsatellite Power 70 WSubsystem % of Operating Po wer Power (W)Payload 1510.5LSTS BusPropulsion 00Thermal Control107Attitude Control1510.5Power1510.5Communications2014C D Handling 107Structure 00Margin1510.5Total10070The power subsystem of the microsatellite is designed for Low Earth Orbit for five years period. The power estimated for subsystem has a 15% contingency margin. Primary power source for the satellite is the solar cast that is body mounted on the microsatellite. The satellite is in near polar sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 700 km, total orbital period of the satellite is 98.77 min. The microsatellite experience eclipse for about 35.29 min. solar array for the microsatellite is designed according to the delegating requirement. Batteries are secondary power source during the eclipse when no sun light is available. The selection of the solar cell and batteries are made according to power required end of life of the satellite and trade study surrounded by different solar cell and batteries but decision is made to satisfy the estimated mass size and power budget of the satellite. As the satellite is a cube shaped and spins stabilized body mounted solar panels to places on all the four sides of the satellite for a uninterrupted supply of power to the subsystems.Altitude 700.00kmEarths r6,378.00kmTotal Power Requirement (const. day and night)70.00WattsEarths Gravitational Constant 3,98,600.00km2/s2Power transfer efficiencies-Xd0.85Xe0.75Inherent Degradation Id0.80Worst Case( deg)23.00(deg) cathexis Life (yrs)5.00(Yrs)Life time Degradation (Ld)0.98Angle (rad)1.12(rad)Angle (deg)64.30(deg)orbital Peroid (P) (sec)5,926.21(sec)Maximum Eclipse Peroid (Tn) (sec)2,117.08(sec)Minimum Power Sunlight (Td) (sec)3,809.12(Sec)Average Solar array power (Psa) (W)134.23WMultijunction Solar (GainP/GaAs) Po 301.00W/m2BOL Power (Pbol)221.66W/m2EOL Power Requirement (Peol)216.17W/m2Solar array Area (m2)0.62m2 push-down storage of Solar Array (kg)3.36kgSolar array lean ( body mounted so Msa x 4 )13.42kgThe primordial power source of the microsatellite is chosen to be Multijunction Solar cells (GainP/GaAs). These solar cells submit an efficiency of 23 percent and most advanced for their category. The required solar panel area of the microsatellite to sufficiently clog the power requirement of the microsatellite subsystem is 0.62 m2 but for a body mounted microsatellite, all the four faces of the cube shaped satellite will have the following area. The estimated weight of the solar panels is 3.4 kg and the total weight of all the panels on the satellite is 13.5 kg. The main returns of the body mounted solar panels is such that they have much life expectancy as they are not exposed to radiation for a long time, but it is compensated with the additional weight of the solar panels. The primary power source should be able to gene dictate 135 Watts of power to sustain the power requirement of the subsystems as well as enough to press the batteries as they are the secondary power source of the kick.For Given Ni H cell Assuming Data for 700 km altitude Energy parsimony 100.00W.h/kgDOD1.60 0.27 log10 cyclesPower during Eclipse70.00WAltitude700.00kmBattery Voltage28.00VoltsXb-l0.90No .of eclipes per day15.005 year MissionOrbital Peroid (P) (sec)5,926.21SecTime of Night (Tn) (sec)2,117.08SecEb (energy supplied during eclipse) (W.h)45.74W.hCycles26,607.25Depth Of Discharge (DOD)0.411a)Ebcap (energy battery capacity required) (W.h)112.87W.h1b) Battery Capacity (A.h)(assuming voltage is 28 v)4.03A.h2. Total Battery Mass (kg)1.13KgThe secondary power source is required to generate power during eclipse in the orbit to sustain microsatellite subsystems. The secondary power source for the mission is chosen to be NiH batteries as they are good for long cycle life and they have advantage of mass and volume over most of the ongoing batteries available. They have good specific energy density of 50 W.hr/kg. The main advantage of these batteries is such that they are widely use d in space mission and constantly updated with new technologies. They have depth of discharge of 40% that is good for this kind of mission. Total secondary power source weight is 2.3 kg.(((((((((( References SMAD and System consolidation Aegis))))))))Communication subsystem The communications subsystem is the lead for the interface between the satellites and the ground stations. The communications subsystem helps in demodulating the received uplink subscribes and transmitting downlink signals .The subsystem also helps us to maintain a bounce back over the satellite by transmitting received range tones and by playacting as logic between receive and transmitted signals.Data orderThe remote sensing microsatellite is designed for a Low Earth orbit at an altitude of 700 km. The payload of the satellite is a multispectral camera that takes picture of the poles in visible spectrum. The 20 degrees minimum elevation angle and a resolution of 50 is simulated for the satellite and the da ta rate is calculated for the satellite.Altitude (km)700.00Radius of Earth (km)6378.14Orbit Peroid (mins)98.77Ground Velocity ( km/s)6.76Node Shift (L = S) (deg) 24.76 (deg)20.00 (deg)57.86Zc27818.52Za133.06Z3701467.63DR (Visible)(bps)37014676.33Maximum Time in View (min)6.66The data rate calculated is 37Mbps adding 10 percent margin data required to send back to ground station is estimated to 40Mbps.Band Link TechnologyFor the current microsatellite mission an S-Band telecommunication system is researched, analyzed, and chosen as the best system for establishing communication between satellite and the ground station.ApplicationSpecificationsDownlink Rate Max 2.5MbpsPower RF Output .4WPower Consumption3.4WWeight420gVolume190X135X22 mm3The table above shows the specification if the Surrey Satellite S band communication system transmitter details. This has an advantage of low mass, power and data rate which completely satisfy the mission constrains. The above transmitter system also h as a S-Band overture for this transmitter which has specifications as follows.(((((((((((((((((((memo com2 // surrey satellite))))SpecificationsNumber of Antennas Needed43dB Beamwidth 35Weight80gVolume82X82X20 mm3Link Budget Link budget for the system S band communication system is designed considering the factor to transmitting the data rate of 40Mps within 6.5mins or 400 sec.The link budget is a process of accounting all the workable gains and losings during transmitting and receiving the signals from transmitter to receiver.The equations below are used to check over link budgetTotal spacecraft received power (uplink budget)Uplink Signal to sound ratio (Will help determine probability of bit error)Total Ground Station received Power (downlink budget)Downlink Signal to Noise ratio (Will help determine probability of bit error)2.4.1 Slant RangeThe Slant range was calculated as follows for a 5 degree elevation angle.2.4.2 Attenuation of the SignalThe biggest contributor to the a ttenuation of the signal is free space loss. There are many other losses such as cable loss, polarization loss, cloud, rain, etc.The absolute frequency used for the S-Band calculation is 2.2GHz.Atmospheric loss is caused by absorption due to such factors as oxygen and water vapor in the atmosphere. Atmospheric, rain, clouds and ionosphere scintillation were assumed to be 0.5dB for 2.2GHz. Further investigation into these effects needs to be completed next semester. With X-Band the total loss due to these factors was calculated to be 0.76dB. S-Band is expected to have a much lower loss.Polarization loss was estimated from 92.4.3 Calculating EIRPThere will be passive losses in the equipment such as losses in the coax cables. This number was used from the previous year.Power transmitted was obtained from the specification on the Surrey transmitter as 0.4 Watts.Looking at the Co-Polar gain on Figure 2 it is seen that there is a gain of at least 0dB for angles between +/- 70.2.4.4 Groun d Station Antenna GainUsing an antenna that is 4.5m in diameter with efficiency of 0.55 the gain is calculated as follows2.4.5 Signal to Noise CalculationThe signal to racquet ratio will determine the objet dart Error Rate (BER), as determined from the following graph 8.From this graph it can be seen that to obtain a Bit Error Rate of 10-5 which is ordinary of space missions, a signal to noise ratio of 4.4 dB is needed.The Link Budget calculations will determine if the system will meet the 4.4 dB of signal to noise ratio at the ground station.System Noise is a function of temperature and was determined from table 13-25 2.4.8dB is above the minimum 4.4dB theoretical signal to noise ratio required. This leaves only a 0.4dB margin which needs to be approved upon. The output RF power could easily be increased from 0.4Watts by use an amplifier, but would be at the expense of the satellite power budget. The Surrey Satellite equipment is a viable solution.Thermal Subsystem The thermal control subsystem is the integral part of the satellite design. It helps out all the components that are exposed to thermal environment are not affected badly. Thermal control subsystem accomplish safe working of all the satellite subsystems and their components by constituting a thermal model.The following process includes inputs from different subsystem of the satellite by identifying the thermal loads that will acting on them during the mission lifetime as well as their operating tempertature for the smooth running of the mission.Thermal LoadsThe satellite experience or exposed to thermal enviroment during gound testing, transportation, pitch , orbit transfer and operational orbits. The thermal environment concerned is during its operation in space. There are four main loads acts on the satellite during its mission.(smad)Direct Solar Radiation The main source of direct solar radiation is the Sun. It is major source of environmental heating on the satellite, it is a perpetual en ergy source and it constant to the fraction of second. The intensity of the sunlight on the earths mean distance of 1 Astronomical unit (AU) is 1367 W/m2. Earths albedo Albedo is the reflected sunlight reflected from earth . It is highly as it is the fraction of incident sunlight that is refected back to space. Refletivity increases over land rather than in oceans. Reflectitivy increases with decreasing local solar -elevation angle.Earths Infrared Energy It is also refereed as blackbody radiation, all incident sunlight do not reflected back as abledo rather earth absorbs it and re-emit it as IR (infrared Energy ) or blackbody radiation.Free Molecular heating This load is result of the bombardment of the individual molecules present in outer reaches of the atmosphere. It affects during the lance ascent of the satellite. The thermal control susbsystem is designed for a sun synchronous Low Earth Orbit at an altitutde of 700km and at an inclination of 98.19 degrees.The main verbal exp ression in designing the thermal control system is to first define the worst case hot (maximum loads) and worst case cold (minimum loads ) acting on the satellite in the orbit and the opertonal temperature operational and survival temperature of each component installted

Examining The Booking System Of Web Appointments Information Technology Essay

Examining The Booking System Of Web Appointments Information Technology essayE truly person has to declare identification in GP or hospital before their visit to organization (unless in emergency). The net base material bodyation troth dust simplifies the witness, season, and natural selection of doctor, changing or modifying uncomplaining inside breeding. Since the internet has become an important part of our lives, organizations either small businesses or big establishments crop it part of their business functionalities. The technology is expanding day by day and online semens are in worry manner increasing too. According to Hacker, Ease of access, increased availability of information, and the prosperity of weave services stimulate universally increased productivity and operational efficiencies (Hacker, 2008). The online organization has transformed complete background of information exchange. This research is in like manner related to resurrect of ne devilr k ground grant cook goting administration where exploiter only has to type URL provided and they can access it from nearly(prenominal)where in the world and any while. The scheme leave allow persevering to log in, register, and booking designation where they allowing be able to bring time, date and consume of their doctor. The raisement of web based system can be very demanding if the system was planned well before design. The system will reduce burden of work lading of their staff and staff will be much(prenominal) effectual. The research will carry before start developing a system it will answer to postulate right tools, technologies. The system will reduce queues in GP.The work of web based designation booking system will allow guest to book appointment anytime for example if they sine qua non to book appointment at midnight so they will be able to make it without waiting for GP to unaffixed in morning and than foretell to GP beca subprogram tele thin k booking appointment system will work only when GP is open but web based appointment booking system will work all the time 365 age in a year.BackgroundIt is important to know how appointment is done currently in organisation. The currently appointment done manually or by means of phone in which the patient are devoted plectron of dates when they visit their GP or hospital and it should be approved by the member of staff . And if patient book their appointment through phone than they exact to wait for automated machine to answer and than choose addressable date and book appointment. If patient need confirmation soce they have to visit GP personally or choose option to send letter by post. This type of situations lead to waste of time, money and it whitethorn put load of time and pressure on the administrative staffs as well. As thither are human beings involved in the whole process in that location are lofty possibilities of human wrongful conducts. The booking appointme nt through phone or personally going there the staff can access wrong enlarge and in like manner when staff booked the appointment for person then there may be some mistake. So by considering all these points the outgrowth of web based system will help GPs or any organisation to outstrip all of these problems by providing an online service to do their booking and to choose their desire date and select them online.Rationale / SignificanceThe online booking system will non work in occurrence of emergency. In emergency there are everlastingly places available to go straight there, this system will work for normal booking to visit and mold doctor for regular check-up.The rational of this research is to develop a web based appointment booking system and implementation of system for GPs and other organisation. The development of web based appointment system is to overcome the problems faced by the substance ab drug single-valued functionrs and staffs composition booking their a ppointment for regular check up. The appointment booking is important for any organisation to deal their employmentr more efficiently. As we discussed in the background of the research there may be some human error. That is why the development of this system is selected which will help organisation to give quality service by providing their habituaters web based online appointment booking system.The main purpose of developing this pick up is to identify the user needs, to touch those needs by selecting the best apostrophize to reach out the objectives of the project. The implementation of this project will help the organisation to reduce the time for user to book appointment. It may also reduce paper work, queuing at the GPs reception, because the major services will be provided online. The implementation of this system will also help organisation financially as well as for their users and it will saves lots of time. The implementations of web based appointment booking system also support multiple users at a time so the system will efficient.Aim and ObjectivesAim To design and implement the Web based online appointment booking system within time. interrogation ObjectivesThe research will conduct to collect necessary information for designing a system for GP or hospital.To develop the system, some interviews need to be conducted among people to understand problems with system.The Feasibility study for implementing the system will conduct and the main focus will be on scalability issues. As the GP is maturement rapidly the system should support any future expansions such as increasing function of users.The technologies that required to develop the systemClient/ horde computer computer architecture (Web based client server coverings), Requirement gathering and analysing techniques (the interviews will be conduct and also questionnaires), HTML,XHTML,client side, server technologies (PHP,ASP.NET) similitude entropybase (Oracle, My SQL), System testing to olsPractical ObjectivesAnalysis.The abbreviation will be done to understand the scope of project.The interview and questionnaires will be conducted to collect user requirements and analyse them to develop a system.System model and prototypingThe programme language which going to use should be suitable.The testing condition will identify.Testing and implementationThe system has to test before deliver to user to check that developed system is working properly and it fulfils requirements. The system will check verification and validation.MaintenanceThe helpdesk will be provided for user if user face any problem of developed system.Hypothesis / Research questionsThe current system allows user to book appointment throw phone or user has to go to GP to book appointment. This will result such as long queue at the GP, hospitals. Only few GPs victimization online booking system. thither are some possibilities of problems such as users do non know near the online booking of their appointm ent. In case if user need to book appointment for repeat visit than they have to go every time to book appointment and problem is that users can miss their repeat visit because they did not have time to go or phone line was busy. The queue at GPs will put pressure on the staff and may take more time.It is important that complete project should fulfil all the requirements of system and also how system will work, features of system and functionality. The system will work on the buns of authentications and authorizations which will be achieved by providing the unique ID which is username and password to each user. The patient will be able to select of their desired date and time and also able to change if they want to. The online booking system will not work in case of emergency. In emergency there are unendingly places available to go straight there, this system will work for normal booking to visit and see doctor for regular check-up.1.5 Expected outcomesThis is a true time projec t, so the purpose of this project is to develop a web based appointment booking system for GP and Hospitals where users will able to book appoint from anywhere in world. This will be a client and server application where client will be utilize for just entering the selective information and submitting it. The server side will be capable of processing.This is academician level project, therefore the structure of this project will be little opus different than the usual professional project. Professional people nearly have the relevant knowledge some how to make the project but in academic level student first learn then make it into rehearse than they provide the application.Theory Practice Application(Dawson, 2005)1.6 hazard in this Project and centering of minimizationThe identification of risk in projection development is important because risk can put project on halt or overthrow complete project. The project risks are those which will affect the quality and performance of project (Summerville I 2001).Some of the risks are highlighted are below.Hardware problemThe occurrence of ironware problem can play while a lot of software program is being use to develop a system. So laptop can crash. The computer virus can also be responsible for laptop crash. To conquer this problem the code always saved on another device like (flash safari or friend computer).So if the computer crashed than the old code can be taken without losing anything. This is one project risk.Software complexity and connectionThe software facility and making connection between them is could be a problem. The installation of Mysql software, apache server and make connection between apache, PHP and Mysql. For this problem first all software will be use but if there is problem then Xampp where the old code can be generate. This is a project risk.Tools and software problemThe Tools and software is always important for development any kind of project. If some software is giving error while development a system then there is always new software is available to use.TimeThe Time limit into any project is a high risk. If time is not enough then it will lead to affect the performance of system and also quality. For example if any hardware problem or software problem occur in development of project where all the time is spent then at the end is not enough time to finish project. In his case the development of project will carry on and delivered as much done on 19h of November.IllnessThe involvement of human into anything can delay. If human is handling a project there is chances that person get sick which will delay the project. If this happens then try to finish project on time but if could not then delivered on 19th Novemberas much as possible. aim risk management approachRisk management planProject objective achievedRisk RegisterRisk identificationAnalyze the project to identify the sources of riskRisk AssessmentAssess the risk in terms ofSeverity of restoreLikeli hood of occurrenceControllabilityNew RisksRisk ResponseAim to reduce possible damageCreate contingency plansNew risksRisk Reduction accomplish risk strategyMonitor and adjust plan for possible new riskChange Management, if possibleNew risksFigure Risk Management butt againstTechnology to be utilizeThe technology which will be use to develop a system are followed. The system will develop using back-end and front-end technology.XHTML, CSS, MySQL, JavaScript, PHP and Apache Web innkeeper.XHTML The XHTML will be use for web interface.CSS The CSS will use to enhance web office for better view.MySQL The MYSQL is a entropybase language, it will be utilize to store database.JavaScript The use of this is to validate data.PHP The server side programming will be done with PHP.Apache Web Server This will use to test the system before implement system.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewAccording to Burke Project management, Control and Management Techniques. This book will give idea about what sh ould be Aims and Objective of project. This book described that how to find a good AIMS and Objective of project. By using this book it help me to give idea about my project Aims and objective. The Aims and objective is most important part of project which will lead my project throughout the end. So this book helps me a lot to achieve perfect Aims and object for my project.According to Stein in How to setup and maintain the web office is described about how to construct a web site and also how to maintain about development. This helps me throughout project to construct web pages. The technology HTML, PHP and JAVA are described with examples. Stein has described everything in details about technology and this will help full for beginner and also for professionals.The appointment booking system is very important to run organisation success amply. The GPs appointment booking system is important because every person who wants to be seen by doctor should make appointment. The GPs (NHS) appointment system is always in news for delays, patient were not able to see doctor when they want. The government always introduce new system to tackle the problem, the government introduced SMS system as well as online booking for some GPs.The two national survey were published in 1998 and 2000 highlighted the difficulty in accessing GPs.The government was promised that by 2004,patient will be able to see primary care within 24 hours and GP with in 48 hours. The request for appointment into GP has become very important. The new GP disregard in United Kingdom. The National uncreated Care using Team(NPCDT) was set up to deliver the governments modernisation agenda in primary care by using the national primary care collaborative to implement change.The solution is based on five principles, namely understand the access demand on the practice clear the backlog of appointments review the appointment system develop contingency plans widen the mode of patient consultation. http//www.b iomedcentral.com/1471-2296/6/39The web based appointment booking system will help customer sociologi directy because some people does not like to hear machine voices for example phone appointment booking system customer will call and automated machine will answer and that will put customer away because they do not like and web based appointment booking system will attract more customer.The other problem is that if disable person want to book appointment with GP or hospital by phone than person has to wait until carer will come and phone for appointment because mostly GP phone appointment booking system runs in morning most GP want their patient to call for appointment in morning.The NHS introduces new Plan for primary care in England promises access to healthcare professional within 24 hours and General practitioner (GP) within 48 hours. The new plan is given financial helps to achieve targets. The new plan will allow patient to see GP of their choice, the main focus on achieving ta rgets could lead to reduced choice of doctor.The National Primary Care Development Team (NPDT) has find out that some general practioner (GP) have adopted a restricted booking. They have limited the option for pre booking appointments or completely stoped.The NPDT did not allow that because it will frustration among those people who want to book appointment in advance (British journal of General Practice, 2004).The NPDT analysis was based on interviews conducted in the East Midlands, study centre. The focus was on patients and carers. The approval has been taken from Leicester Research Ethics Committee, 41 interviewees were recruited through 14 GP and more 15 were recruited from other organization, such as community centres, a charity. At least one has used their GP practice once in last 12 months. The participants were interviewed in 2002 and 2003 and interviews were recorded (British Journal of General Practice, 2004).The another problem is GP telephone appointment booking system will only work until GP is open and telephone is attend by member of staff after closing time phone appointment booking system will not work.Project Development ApproachThe project development approach is all about that what type of software project going to do and how much information about system already gathered. According to this project we have idea about problem which caller-up is lining and what can do to new system to attract the attention of users towards the company. So it is confirmed that we need to build a web site where customer and company can attract each other. For this we need to visit company and try to find out what exactly they are expecting and will help them to increase their business. The information which is already collected will be very helpful to build a project.The project development approach which is considered in development is Incremental Development approach. This approach starts from the initial planning and it will end when development of syste m is finished. In this approach the development is done in small portion and it will help to develop next tier. The advantage of this approach is that the system is divided into different stages once first stage is completed then the next stage will start. This approach consists of Initialization step at this step the basic idea of system is bring forthd and given to company with some functionality. If the organization is satisfy then the next stage which is redesign and implemented and also analyzing the current system. The development of project carries on step by step. The following steps which is important while developing a project.Designing of projectWriting of codingTesting of the codesFinal implementationThe development of system and also functionality of each section will process step by step. The each step functionality will be processed and if it is successful then consider as a project part. The approach give clear idea that project, the project is completed at step by step as in this way it is motiveless to find error and fix them as compare to at the end when it is very tough to find and fix.2.1 Problems with current systemThe problem using phone appointment booking system is always staff is not free to answer call and other is customer has to wait in a queue to be answered call and it could take up to minutes.The other problem is that sometime operator make a mistake and forget to book appointment and without booking appointment unplug call and customer will think appointment has been booked whatever date they want but unfortunately when they go for check up there is no appointment for customer into system because staff did not put into dairy. Another problem is that the patient can book their appointment only that time when GP is open they would not be able to book appointment all the time.The current system only runs by a member of staff, it cost more than web based appointment system. The company has to hire more staff to run organisation . There are number of other system in place in different locations like in some GPs automated phone system is also in place which runs 365 days in year but problem with that some people does not like to wait long time for to get answered and also some people does not like to go with machine. This kind of system put people off to use that system.The current system which is phone booking system people may not use because it is costly to access for example if patient need to book appointment they have to call and they need credit in their phone to call GP.So in this case some people may not like to waste their money and do not use system but as compare to online system they just pay small money and get access to many things and happily use new system. The other problem is that the patient do not want to speak their personal details publically so they have to find private place to phone GP and book appointment.Integrating system with the tools to be usedIn these days the development of software can be develop using different technology which is available in market and it can also happen that all the tools which been used may not integrate with each other. So it is really important to choose right technology which can integrate with each other. The technologies which are chosen to develop the system are PHP, MySQL, XHTML, CSS and JavaScript to be used in the development. The main spring using PHP is a server-side scripting language that allows website to be truly dynamic (Naramore E. et al, 2005). The open source HTML-embedded scripting language. The reason for using MySQL is it is good integration with PHP as it is recommended by most developer and writers. The apache web server will facilitate to experiment the system so we can make sure how the system will work online and if there is some error.Programming LanguagePHPThe PHP is a server-side scripting language that allows website to be truly dynamic (Naramore E. et al, 2005).The PHP is used widely for general p urpose scripting language and it can be used with open source HTML.The PHP was originally developed to design a dynamic Web sites it is also HTML embedded. The PHP can also use as a graphical application. The PHP was created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf and it has been in development continuously.The PHP runs on server so we used WAMP server to run PHP language on computer the PHP is very user friendly language. The PHP output is mostly in HTML.The PHP is having over 20 million internet domain (April 2007) .The PHP used to develop a web site it is easy to use and it can be downloaded free and it will give result quickly.The PHP used to access database because it also provide fast access to database. The use of PHP is for example if patient request a page, the server which is apache will coiffure PHP script and send output to show on page. The PHP is a only execute code which is written within its delimiters if anything written outside that then it will come as a output as you written. The PHP will be used to validation the pages and it is based on server side and validate requests of users.2.4 Database Management SystemThe Database is place where all the data will stored about patient details their appointment. It is easy to find database on every type of computers i.e. personal computer, large computer. My SQL provide a facility to handle and manage a relational database in very efficient way.The Database Management system is used to allow database to create tables. It also let create relation, foreign key, and primary key and insert data into table in form of rows and columns. My SQL will be used as the database for our project. It is open source database and more than 10 million copies of My SQL are downloaded by the user / Developers. My SQL is owned by the Sun Microsystems. It was first developed by the Swedes and Fin in Sweden.(mysql.com)Advantages of using MYSQL are followed.Performance is very good.Easy to understand and use.Connectivity with pages is ea sy.port is simple.MySQL, pronounced as my sequel, stands for My Structured Query Language. MySQL is a relational database system and free software. MySQL is very fitting software to use while developing the proposed system because it is open source software and can function as either a database management system or a relational database system.Because of its open source feature, this means that anyone can download it for free, use the software and can modify it as they please without having to pay anything. MySQL will allow PHP and the Apache server to work in concert in order to have access to data and display them in a more readable format in a web browser.WAMP ServerThe WAMP is a server package which is independently created programme and installed on Microsoft window. The WAMP package components are Apache, MYSQL and PHP.The Apache is a server which uses to execute PHP code and MYSQL is a database which used to create database for patient and also their appointment booking detai ls.The WAMP make the computer server and computer acts like a server to run web pages and helps user to use all services on same computer. In some package also implicate phpmyadmin which is used to provide a graphical interface of MYSQL database. The WAMP is easy to use and it is free to download. It is a mini server and runs on all servers.2.6 JavaScriptThe JavaScript is also a scripting language and it is primarily used in client side. The JavaScript is used into web browser for client interface. The JavaScript was developed by Brendan Eich. The JavaScript is embedded into HTML code and as well Microsoft gadgets, Google desktop gadgets. The many scripting language is available to use like VBscript, etc.The use of JavaScript in this system chosen because it is spread widely and it is accessible easily. The most web browser use JavaScript in these days ((Firefox, Internet Explorer and others).The use of JavaScript is that to collect information from user and validate their request or action. For example while patient is booking appointment if they choose date which is already gone then JavaScript show a message and invalidate a data.2.7 ArchitectureThe appropriate architecture has to place in and examined that architecture. The multi-tier architecture is available (known as n-tier architecture) which is client and server architecture. The most communally used architecture is 3-tier architecture because it is much secure compare to other architecture (2-tier architecture).The attain of using tier architecture is that the user only add a particular layer rather than writing a fully application again. The 3-tier architecture uses a middleware. The middleware is a layer which is between client and server which does not allow client to access database directly.The benefit of using 3-tier architecture is that there is no need of connection with database from every client only from server side. It make sure that only valid data is updated, So the client does not ha ve direct access to database it makes business more secure because the database of customer is placed on server side. The project is also client server based so 3-tier architecture is used to make sure that the system is much secure and middleware is there to provide a security to database. The clients send a request to server then server process it and send back to client.The database need to update only on server side each time if some changes happen to database and it does not disturb all clients. The 3-tier application is much difficult to compare to 2-tier application to develop but it is provide much higher security to organisations and their consumer as well. The data or functions which are circumstantial are not processed on client side all critical function or data are processed on server side. The 3-tier is associated with many databases but in this system the database used is MYSQL and it is associated with MYSQL as well.The information flow on both statement between cl ient and server and one client can send one or more request to server and server process them (comer E, 2001).So the 3-tier application is used which is much secure and communally used architecture.Figure 1 3-tier Architecture Model2.7 Web SecurityThe web security is a critical component for any web based business. The web security is very important when developing something which is web based, the developer should consider this. The user must be fully satisfied that all the data which is given is confidential. The web security will detect threats and it will take more time to recover threats. The client and also server both side have to be secured while they are working with web security. But there are the positive side which is providing two protocols to secure the accessibility on the web through Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Secure HTTP. SSL uses public key authentication and encryption technology and the SSL handshake protocol has to be completed before an application is trans mitted or received. Secure HTTP is related to security over the general socket based communication and facilitates encryption orders at the application layer.Chapter 3 Research Methodology3.1 Available ResearchesThe research method is that how the data is going to collect for project. This part will show the method which has been used to carry out whole research. There are many research methodologies available such as quantitative research, qualitative research, exploratory research, primary data collection, secondary data collection and empirical research.3.2 Primary DataThe primary data collection is collect a data from real world which include focus group, taking an experimental approach, experience gained from past. It also include the formal and informal interviews and mixed this with the data which collected from secondary method ie, books, journals and internet etc.The data which is collected through observation is given less importance because observation is not perfect alw aysResearch Method UsedThe research method is important and research method which is used for project is Action Research Method. This methodology means simply learning by doing, identify the problem. The action of system will be considered and if outcome is fine that is good otherwise it will start process from same point again. The research method is secure and efficient in way of accuracy. This research method is mostly used. This research method will continues working until problem solved. This kind of research method is also called qualitative research method. In this method feasibility study will be carried to setting up interviews and discussions with organisation as they are users.Chapter 4 DesignThe design of project is important so design will be made before start developing a project i.e. the tools like use case and also use entity relational diagram to show relation.Use CaseThe use case is a interface between user and a system. The use case diagram use to display a relati onship between actors and use cases. The main components of use case diagram are actor and use case, an actor in this system is the patient who uses this system to booking appointment.The user access a web page (home page) which uses to inform a user about effectiveness and efficiency of the system. The user then can click on health news, opening time and appointment booking to log in and choose date and time and also choose of doctor to book their appointment.Register DetailsChoose Date and TimeWeb PageMake appointmentLog InPatient DetailsDatabaseGP Or HospitalIn this diagram shows that patient can Register their details with GP or Hospital, Log In, Visit web page and main thing is that they can make appointment where they can choose date and time which are available.4.2 Entity Relation DiagramBookingPKRefNameEmailDoctorDateTimeAccountPKUser nameUsernamePasswordEmailAddressPrimary and foreign keys are also established between the entities, in the account table primary key has been defined to username As a unique number is allotted to each and every Product in the database it is taken in to consideratio

The Borat Rodeo Scene Analysis Film Studies Essay

The Borat Rodeo Scene Analysis Film Studies EssayThe word-painting Borat Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious province of Kazakhstan. is a Mockumentary about a Kazakhstan estate television reporter named Borat brings his broken English and chauvinism to America to define a documentary about breeding in the U.S. of A. Upbeat and naive, Borat and his producer Azamat come to America to find out what makes America great. What he finds is a hodgepodge of gracious, bewildered, angry, and racist people. The mental picture gives us a unique view of an outsider looking in on our society.Borats journey starts out in New York as he interviews various people for his state television station and becomes a quest across the inelegant to be with his true love Pamela Anderson in California. As he crosses across the country Borats travels argon filled with hilarious interviews and crazy antics. For my paper, I am going to examine a specific scene in the film in which Borat ma kes a hold the line in Salem, Virginia for a rodeo during his quest to be with Pamela Anderson in California. I think this scene is definitely one of the funniest and politically incorrect scenes in the movie. The scene begins as the camera pans over a crowd full of people who planm to be conservative WASPSs getting ready to see the rodeo. Borat, as he wears an Ameri rout out flag cowboy outfit, is conversing with Bobby Rowe, the general manager of the Imperial Rodeo. Rowe is telling Borat that he looks manage a terrorist Muslim and that he should shave his mustache so that he will look like an Italian and not be so conspicuous. He tells Borat that he will never be accepted looking like a Muslim because everyone will look at him and wonder what kind of bomb he has strapped to him. Rowe continues to display his hatred of the Middle East saying he cannot wait until the US wins the war and have all those damn son of the scarcets hangin from the gallows and not until then will the A merican people accept Borats diversity. Rowe then begins to gibber about gays and tells Borat to stay away from them Borat relieves to Rowe that they hang gays is his country and Rowe replies thats what we are trying to get done here and then he gives Borat a high five. afterward his talk with Rowe, Borat is asked to sing the subject area anthem to start off the rodeo. When he gets to the middle of the arena, he begins speaking to the crowd regarding the war on terror. He began by saying, My name is Borat, I come from Kazakhstan. Can I say first we support your war of terror The crowd cheers and applauds Borat as he praises American patriotism, he then goes on to say, May George Bush drink the blood of every man, woman, and child in Iraq At this point, the crowd erupts in agreement. After his speech, Borat quickly tells the listening he is going to sing the Kazakhstan National Anthem to the tune of Americas national anthem, The Star Spangled Banner. At first, the crowd is rev erently waiting to hear him sing, but as he begins to sing the Kazakhstan National Anthem the crowd begins to get in an uproar of disapproval. Because of the random lyrics in the song, the crowd did not know whether Borat was unspoiled or joking by singing a song that was so degrading to the United States in their own country. The crowd was so shocked when they perceive the lyrics, Kazakhstan is the greatest country in the world, that a horse carrying a cowgirl with an American flag fell down as the arena exploded in boos.This scene contained many principles that make it irritabilityous. To begin, the main purpose of this movie was to make fun the arrogance of our nation and prove that while America thinks it is the best country in the world, we are still fallible. Disparaging humor was the probably one of the most prevalent types of humor used throughout the movie and especially in this scene. Ferguson and Ford describe disparaging humor as remarks that are intended to elicit a musement through the denigration, derogation, or belittlement of a given audience (2008). What made this scene so funny was to see how racist and ignorant Bobby Rowe was as Borat roused him on during their conversation. The fact that someone would say that we should hang all the gays, or that we take to kill all the people in Iraq is so steep that it is very funny to laugh at and see how ignorant some people genuinely are. This humor is successful because, Rowe had the audacity to clearly belittle Borat, the people of Kazakhstan, and the rest of the Middle East while he knew he was being filmed because it gave him a sense of superiority. Critchley supports this point as he states that, we laugh from feelings of superiority over other people (2002). The crowd of spectators in the rodeo arena also displayed disparaging humor when the crowd begins to cheer as Borat talks about killing all the people in Iraq including women and children and drinking their blood. Under the psychoanaly tic theory, Ferguson and Ford article explain that It provides the humorist with a relatively benign means of expressing and satisfying unconscious, socially unaccept fit impulses(2008). Borat was able to egg on the crowd and Rowe to say and applaud views that are a racist and unacceptable to our society.In addition, the Incongruity Theory of humor was also used throughout the scene. Critchley explains, Humor is produced by the experience of a matte incongruity between what we know or expect to be the case, and what actually happens in the joke, gag, or jest (2002). For example, one would not have expected to see Borat dressed as an American flag themed cowboy or give an outrageous speech about George Bush drinking the blood of every Iraqi. Additionally, his pronunciation and word use also made it humorous. For example, Borat announces to the rodeo fans, we support your war of terror, instead of the typical wording, the war on terror. Also when Borat was announced to sing the Unit ed States National Anthem, it was unexpected and humorous that he randomly decides to instead sing the Kazakhstans National Anthem to the music of the Star Spangled Banner.Finally the Relief Theory of humor also was prevalent in this scene. The scene starts out showing the rodeo crowd, cowboys, bulls and a cowgirl on a horse holding an American flag. As Borat is sings Kazakhstans National Anthem to the music of the Star Spangled Banner and the stunned crowd begins to boo in outrage to what they are hearing and the cowgirl holding the American flag perfectly just falls down. Critchley tells us that, laughter is explained as a release of pent-up energy where the energy that is released and discharged in laughter provides pleasure (2002). To make sure this movie was humorous to its peachs, Sacha Cohen, the creator of Borat, made sure to present this movie to an American audience who shares the same set of cultural symbols, norms, and expectations. This enabled moviegoers to relate to the outrageous antics that Borat does continuously throughout the movie.By exposing Americans to some of the reasons why other countries criticize or mock the United States, it eventually lets Americans realize their own ideological shortcomings. The movie also allows Americans to look at their culture from an outside foreigner perspective since Borats character was a person from a completely different country and culture. Cohen measuredly exposes Americas weaknesses as a political message to an American audience in hopes of influencing American society. By depicting how the United States has sense of superiority, Cohen does a superb craft in showing how prevalent prejudice and racism is still alive in parts of the United States against other countries custom and cultures. This movie invites viewers to reconsider many issues regarding world politics by shedding light on popular controversial American ideology. By applying humor to serious subjects, it is easier for the viewer to digest. The movie accomplished its purpose by displaying how Americans are continually intolerant and racist towards other countries. By addressing these serious issues in a humorous way, the movie allows the viewer to digest more easily and remember the message that Cohen wanted to get across.In conclusion, I found this movie to be extremely funny. However, I can understand how some people may have been affected by Cohens sense of humor and found the movie to be insulting. Borat was my favorite movie to detect and analyze for this class. Having seen the movie when it first came to the theaters, and then watching it again for a class assignment definitely gave me a different prospective of the movie. I was able to see the movie with a more critical eye and appreciate the different styles of humor that were utilized throughout the film.

Kurt Vonnegut - The Only Story of Mine Whose Moral I Know :: Biography Biographies Essays

Kurt Vonnegut - The Only Story of tap Whose Moral I Know This is the only story of mine whose moral I know. I dont think its a marvelous moral I entirely happen to know what it is We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. tonus out, Kid -Bob Dylan, Subterranean Homesick vapors Vonneguts work is rife with instances of lie croak truth.Howard Campbells own double identity is a particularly strongexample, although Vonneguts gist is subtle. His actions werean hear to survive, but also an attempt to serve his country.Campbell would no doubt have survived regard slight - survival ishis special talent - but we arent given any indication that hewould have become a cog in the war machine. In fact, the oppositeseems to be true. When approached by Major Wirtanen, his contactwith the DOD, he protests that he is not political and entrust nothelp the wars progress. He was not an anti- Semite, and does notbecome one. Furthermore, in at least two passages in the novel hemakes recognition to a true self that he kept hidden. Campbellswe are in his moral cannot be just a reference to personality.Instead, we must take a less psychological view. Campbellpretends to be a man who incites other men to hatred. He becomesthat man. It is in Campbells actions and their effects, alongwith his societal and profound persecution, that we find the liethat becomes truth. As Mr. Campbell was not the only propagandistat work in Germany in World War Two, it is for the most part unaccepted to determine what measure of war and race murder guilt hedeserves. Nor can we say that he helped win the war in the sensethat those who stormed the beaches at Normandy did. merely as hebecame his lie to the Germans, he becomes his lie to Israel andKurt Vonnegut - The Only Story of Mine Whose Moral I Know Biography Biographies EssaysKurt Vonnegut - The Only Story of Mine Whose Moral I Know This is the only story of mine whose moral I know. I dont think its a marvelous moral I simply happen to know what it is We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. Look out, Kid -Bob Dylan, Subterranean Homesick Blues Vonneguts work is rife with instances of lie become truth.Howard Campbells own double identity is a particularly strongexample, although Vonneguts message is subtle. His actions werean attempt to survive, but also an attempt to serve his country.Campbell would no doubt have survived regardless - survival ishis special talent - but we arent given any indication that hewould have become a cog in the war machine. In fact, the oppositeseems to be true. When approached by Major Wirtanen, his contactwith the DOD, he protests that he is not political and will nothelp the wars progress. He was not an anti-Semite, and does notbecome one. Furthermo re, in at least two passages in the novel hemakes reference to a true self that he kept hidden. Campbellswe are in his moral cannot be just a reference to personality.Instead, we must take a less psychological view. Campbellpretends to be a man who incites other men to hatred. He becomesthat man. It is in Campbells actions and their effects, alongwith his societal and legal persecution, that we find the liethat becomes truth. As Mr. Campbell was not the only propagandistat work in Germany in World War Two, it is for the most partimpossible to determine what measure of war and genocide guilt hedeserves. Nor can we say that he helped win the war in the sensethat those who stormed the beaches at Normandy did. But as hebecame his lie to the Germans, he becomes his lie to Israel and